Interventions That Have Been Demonstrated to be Effective:
Combination: Psychosocial and Pharmacological
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The gold stanard
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Pharmacological treatments alone aimed at opioid detoxification are effective. However, an intervention was conducted to determine if a combination of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments are more effective than using pharmacological drugs alone.
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The results revealed that, a combination of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments are effective, in terms of completion of treatment, use of opiate, participants abstinent at follow-up and clinical attendance.
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However, the authors cautioned that the evidence produced by the review is limited due to the small number of participants included in the studies, the heterogeneity of the assessment or the lack of detailed outcome information that prevented the possibility of cumulative analysis for several outcomes.
Sources
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005031.pub4/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795974/
Drug (Pharmacological Treatment)
Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone are FDA approved for the long term treatment of opiate addiction. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is used to help people reduce or quit their use of heroin or other opiates. This type of intervention has shown great success in opioid addiction recovery (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3411273/).
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Methadone: opioid agonist; widely used
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Buprenorphine: opioid partial agonist
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Naltrexone: opioid antagonist; newly evolving
Click here for the Opioid Treatment Program Directory in your state
Sources
Opioid Tracking
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Prescription Monitoring Program: PMPs can become a useful public health surveillance tool to monitor the medical and non-medical use of prescription opioids and to inform public health and safety policy. (https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdmp/states.html)
Click here for information regarding your state
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National addictions vigilance intervention and prevention program (NAVIPPRO™) is a continuous, real-time, national data stream that assesses pharmaceutical abuse by patients entering substance abuse treatment by collecting product-specific, geographically-detailed information. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pds.1659/full)
Sources
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pds.1659/full
Prescription Guidance
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Opioid dosing guidelines: Florida has shown that a statewide prescription drug monitoring program has been successful in promoting safer prescribing practices and decreasing incidences of opioid addiction. This is done by using systematic longitudinal data collected on a quarterly basis from law enforcement (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pds.3553/full).
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The Center of Disease Control (CDC) has developed guidelines using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, and recommendations are made on the basis of a systematic review of the scientific evidence while considering benefits and harms, values and preferences, and resource allocation.
Sources
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm
